Canada ine yechitatu pasi rose matura emafuta, mazhinji ari mujecha reoiri.Kunyange zvazvo jecha reoiri neshale deposits zvichiwanikwa pasi rose, jecha remafuta eAlberta rakanyorova nemvura, zvichiita kuti kubviswa kwebhitumini kubvire uchishandisa mvura inopisa chete.Dzidza zvakawanda nezve iyi yakasarudzika dhipoziti, uye mamwe emakemikari ayo uye emuviri zvimiro.
Majecha eoiri ijecha rakasununguka rine chimiro chepetroleum inozivikanwa sebhitumini.Aya madhipoziti asina kusanganiswa ejecha anosanganisira jecha, ivhu uye mvura yakazara nebhitumini.Mafuta ejecha dzimwe nguva anonzi tar sands kana bituminous sands.
Iko kuumbwa chaiko kwemajecha emafuta eAlberta kunogona kusiyanisa zvakanyanya, kunyangwe mukati meiyo yakafanana geological kuumbwa.Iyo yakajairika sacha remafuta dhipoziti ine inosvika gumi muzana bhitumeni, 5% yemvura uye 85% yakaoma.Nekudaro, iyo bhitumini yemukati inogona kunge yakakwira se20% mune dzimwe nzvimbo.
Izvo zvakaomeswa zviri mukati memafuta sands deposit zvakanyanya quartz silica sand (kazhinji inopfuura 80%), ine chikamu chidiki che potassium feldspar uye ivhu rakanaka.Clay minerals inowanzo sanganisira kaolinite, illite, chlorite uye smectite.Madhipatimendi ane mafaindi epamusoro anowanzo kuve ane bhitumini yakaderera, uye anowanzoonekwa seyakaderera mhando ore.Mafaindi ari mukati mechikamu chemvura chedhipoziti.
Mvura yemukati inogonawo kusiyana zvakanyanya, kubva pazero kusvika pa9%.Kazhinji, zvikamu zvine mvura yakakwira zvakare zvinowanzova nebhitumini shoma uye faindi yakawanda.Mvura iri mukati memafuta ejecha dhipoziti (inowanzonzi connate mvura) inotakura neayoni akati wandei anonyungudika, anosanganisira sodium, potassium, calcium, chloride uye sulphate.Mafaindi anowanzo kuunganidzwa mukati medhipoziti, dzimwe nguva inonzi lenzi yevhu.
Uchenjeri hunozivikanwa ndehwokuti zviyo zvejecha zvakafukidzwa nehupamhi hwemvura, kunyange zvazvo dzidziso iyi isati yamboonekwa.Mvura, jecha, ivhu nebhitumini zvakasanganiswa mukati mejecha remafuta.